JadiCell Properties

1. Comprehensive Biomarker Profile

8 Positive Biomarkers in MSC Profile: JadiCells express markers such as CD73, CD90, CD105, CD54, CD106, STRO-1, CD10, and CD146. These markers are associated with stemness, regenerative potential, and tissue homing abilities, and they’re important for the cells’ immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions.

8 Positive Markers in Hematopoietic Profile: The presence of markers associated with hematopoietic lineages, such as CD34 and CD133, is relatively uncommon in MSCs and suggests enhanced multipotency or unique differentiation potential. This hematopoietic overlap should contribute to greater versatility in applications, especially in regenerative medicine and immune modulation.

Absence of NANOG: NANOG is a pluripotency-associated transcription factor and, in some contexts, is considered an oncogene due to its role in promoting self-renewal and proliferation. JadiCells’ lack of NANOG reduces concerns about tumorigenic potential, especially compared to other pluripotent cells that retain NANOG expression, thus enhancing their safety profile for clinical use.

2. Comparisons to Other MSC Populations

Bone Marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs): These typically express markers like CD73, CD90, and CD105 but lack hematopoietic markers (CD34 and CD133). They are also more likely to express CD45, which is usually a negative marker for MSCs and associated with hematopoietic lineages. Additionally, BM-MSCs often exhibit lower proliferation rates compared to umbilical cord-derived MSCs like JadiCells.

Adipose-Derived MSCs (AD-MSCs): AD-MSCs have a similar marker profile to BM-MSCs, with high expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105, but they generally lack the hematopoietic markers present in JadiCells. AD-MSCs are popular for their ease of extraction and high yield but don’t display the same range of regenerative and immune-modulating capabilities seen in JadiCells.

Umbilical Cord-Derived MSCs (UC-MSCs): UC-MSCs often share several positive markers with JadiCells, including CD73, CD90, and CD105. However, they typically don’t exhibit the hematopoietic profile seen in JadiCells, nor do they consistently lack NANOG expression. Therefore, while UC-MSCs have an excellent proliferative capacity and immunomodulatory properties, JadiCells stand out due to their more refined profile, which is tailored for specific therapeutic applications.

3. Enhanced Therapeutic Potential of JadiCells

Immunomodulation: The combination of markers related to both MSC and hematopoietic lineages suggests a strong capacity for immunomodulation. This could enhance their effectiveness in treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as in reducing neuroinflammation in neurological disorders.

Regenerative Capacity: The absence of NANOG reduces concerns about the oncogenic potential, especially in treatments requiring long-term engraftment. The combination of MSC and hematopoietic markers may enhance tissue homing and regenerative abilities, making JadiCells particularly well-suited for applications requiring regeneration, such as neurological diseases, organ repair, and tissue engineering.

Broader Differentiation Potential: While MSCs typically differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, JadiCells may also exhibit a broader range of differentiation due to their hematopoietic markers. This may increase their potential to generate a wider array of cell types, making them versatile for various regenerative applications.

4. Lack of Similar MSC Populations

Currently, there are no other well-known MSC populations with the exact combination of markers, the same hematopoietic profile, and the absence of NANOG as seen in JadiCells. Most MSCs fall into categories based on their tissue of origin and exhibit distinct differences:

Pluripotent Stem Cells (PSCs): Unlike JadiCells, these express NANOG and have a high risk of teratoma formation, limiting their safety for therapeutic use. Although PSC-derived MSCs can be engineered to lack NANOG, they don’t naturally exhibit the same combination of MSC and hematopoietic markers.

Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells (MAPCs): MAPCs have broad differentiation potential and can express some hematopoietic markers, but they often require genetic modifications to achieve desired profiles, making them less ideal for direct therapeutic use compared to JadiCells.

Tissue-Derived MSCs: MSCs from bone marrow, adipose, and other sources lack the same biomarker diversity and unique combination that make JadiCells so versatile for a wide range of therapeutic applications.

Conclusion:

The unique biomarker profile of JadiCells, their dual MSC and hematopoietic lineage characteristics, and the absence of NANOG position them as a distinct and highly versatile MSC population for therapeutic use.

Currently, no other MSC population is known to naturally exhibit these exact traits, giving JadiCells a significant edge in clinical applications, especially where immunomodulation, regenerative capacity, and safety are critical factors.

This makes JadiCells a promising option for treating a wide array of diseases, particularly in areas like neurology and autoimmune conditions where other MSC populations may be less effective or carry higher risks.

Growth Factors and Their Benefits

Growth factors that JadiCells and their exosomes are known or expected to produce, along with their benefits. This includes factors contributing to tissue repair, immune modulation, and regeneration across various systems.

1. VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) Benefits:

  • Stimulates angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation).
  • Improves oxygen and nutrient delivery to damaged tissues.
  • Supports wound healing and regeneration in ischemic tissues (e.g., heart and brain).

2. TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor-Beta) Benefits:

  • Regulates inflammation and immune responses.
  • Promotes extracellular matrix production for tissue repair.
  • Balances fibrosis—encouraging repair while avoiding excessive scar formation.

3. HGF (Hepatocyte Growth Factor) Benefits:

  • Promotes cell survival and regeneration.
  • Exhibits anti-fibrotic effects, particularly in liver, lung, and kidney diseases.
  • Stimulates tissue repair and angiogenesis.

4. FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor) Benefits:

  • Encourages cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • Supports angiogenesis and tissue repair.
  • Enhances wound healing in skin, muscle, and bone.

5. IGF-1 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1) Benefits:

  • Supports cell survival and growth.
  • Promotes muscle and bone regeneration.
  • Exhibits neuroprotective properties, aiding in recovery from brain injuries.

6. PDGF (Platelet-Derived Growth Factor) Benefits:

  • Promotes proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.
  • Supports wound healing and vascular repair.
  • Enhances the integrity of connective tissues.

7. NGF (Nerve Growth Factor) Benefits:

  • Promotes the survival and growth of neurons.
  • Supports repair of damaged neural tissues.
  • Beneficial for neurodegenerative diseases and nerve injuries.

8. G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor) Benefits:

  • Stimulates the production of white blood cells (granulocytes).
  • Enhances immune response and reduces infection risk.
  • Promotes tissue regeneration by modulating inflammation.

9. GM-CSF (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) Benefits:

  • Promotes growth and differentiation of macrophages and dendritic cells.
  • Enhances immune modulation and wound healing.
  • Reduces inflammation in chronic conditions.

10. EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) Benefits:

  • Stimulates growth of epithelial and endothelial cells.
  • Enhances skin and mucosal repair.
  • Promotes recovery from wounds and ulcers.

11. Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF) Benefits:

  • Protects and regenerates epithelial tissues (e.g., in lungs, gut).
  • Beneficial in treating lung injuries and diseases like COPD.
  • Supports epithelial barrier function and repair.

12. Angiopoietin-1 Benefits:

  • Enhances vascular stability and reduces vascular leakage.
  • Supports angiogenesis in damaged tissues.
  • Contributes to maintaining endothelial cell integrity.

13. IL-10 (Interleukin-10) Benefits:

  • Potent anti-inflammatory cytokine.
  • Modulates immune responses to reduce chronic inflammation.
  • Promotes a healing microenvironment in tissues.

14. SDF-1 (Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1) Benefits:

  • Attracts stem cells and progenitor cells to injury sites.
  • Promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair.
  • Supports cardiac repair after myocardial infarction

Benefits Across Systems

Cardiovascular System:

  • VEGF, PDGF, and IGF-1 improve vascularization and repair of heart tissues.
  • HGF and miR-133 enhance cardioprotection and reduce fibrosis.
  • SDF-1 recruits cells for cardiac regeneration.

Neurological System:

  • NGF, IGF-1, and miR-137 promote neuronal survival and repair.
  • miR-146a and TGF-β modulate neuroinflammation.
  • VEGF and FGF improve blood flow to ischemic brain areas.

Immune Modulation:

  • IL-10 and TGF-β reduce inflammation and autoimmune activity.
  • G-CSF and GM-CSF enhance immune cell production and balance.

Respiratory System:

  • KGF and VEGF repair lung epithelium and vasculature.
  • TGF-β reduces fibrosis in chronic lung diseases like COPD.

Wound Healing:

  • EGF, FGF, and VEGF accelerate repair of skin and soft tissues.
  • PDGF strengthens connective tissue regeneration.

JadiCells produce a rich array of growth factors, each with targeted effects on tissue repair, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and regeneration. This comprehensive secretome ensures their therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, and inflammatory conditions. Their ability to deliver these factors via exosomes enhances both precision and efficacy, making JadiCells a cornerstone of regenerative medicine.

JadiCells secrete exosomes enriched with various miRNAs that contribute to their therapeutic potential.

JadiCells produce exosomes from CD63, CD9. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules, including proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs). They are characterized by the presence of tetraspanin proteins such as CD63 and CD9 on their surfaces, which are commonly used as markers for exosome identification.

The size comparison between JadiCells™ and the exosomes they produce is an interesting aspect of cell biology.

1. JadiCells: These are mesenchymal stem cells, which are full, functional cells containing all the cellular machinery (nucleus, organelles, etc.) needed to live, divide, and carry out complex biological functions. JadiCells™ generally range from 10–30 micrometers (10,000–30,000 nanometers) in diameter

2. Exosomes: Exosomes are tiny, extracellular vesicles secreted by JadiCells™. They function as carriers of molecular signals between cells and are much smaller, typically ranging between 30 and 120 nanometers in diameter. Exosomes carry bioactive molecules (e.g., miRNAs, proteins) enclosed in a lipid membrane, which allows them to travel to other cells and deliver their payload, thereby influencing cellular activities.

JadiCells includes exosomes derived from our adult donor multi-potent mesenchymal stem cells that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication and possess therapeutic properties that contribute to tissue repair and immune modulation.

Key features of the exosomes in JadiCells™ include:

1. Anti-inflammatory effects: The exosomes help reduce inflammation by delivering bioactive molecules, such as microRNAs and proteins, that modulate immune responses.

2. Tissue regeneration: Exosomes promote the regeneration of damaged tissues by encouraging cell proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels).

3. Neuroprotective properties: Exosomes from JadiCells have shown potential in protecting neural cells, which is especially relevant for neurological conditions like aphasia, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injuries.

4. Immune modulation: These exosomes can modulate the immune system to promote an anti-inflammatory environment while reducing harmful immune reactions.

5. Drug delivery potential: Exosomes can serve as natural carriers for delivering therapeutic compounds to targeted tissues, enhancing the efficacy of treatments.

In summary, the exosomes from JadiCells carry a therapeutic payload that supports tissue repair, inflammation reduction, and neural protection, making them valuable for treating a wide range of conditions.

The exosomes derived from the JadiCells contain various bioactive molecules that contribute to their therapeutic potential.

Specifically, the components within these exosomes are:

1. microRNAs (miRNAs): These are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) like JadiCells™ typically contain miRNAs that are involved in anti-inflammatory processes, tissue repair, and neuroprotection.

Some common miRNAs found in MSC and JadiCell exosomes include:

  • miR-21: Known for its anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects.
  • miR-146a: Reduces inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling pathways.
  • miR-126: Enhances angiogenesis and promotes tissue repair.
  • miR-133: Plays a role in cardioprotection and regeneration.
  • miR-137: Promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and plays a role in brain development

2. Proteins: The exosomes contain various proteins, including:

  • Growth factors: Such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta), which promote tissue repair, angiogenesis, and immune regulation.
  • Cytokines: Anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-β are often present to mediate immune responses and reduce inflammation.
  • HSPs (Heat shock proteins): These are involved in cellular stress responses and can protect cells from damage.

3. Lipids: Exosomes are surrounded by a lipid bilayer that not only protects their contents but also plays a role in signaling and delivering bioactive molecules to target cells. The lipid composition can include phospholipids, cholesterol, and ceramides, which help in the fusion of the exosomes with recipient cell membranes.

4. mRNAs: These messenger RNAs can be transferred from the exosomes to recipient cells, where they can be translated into proteins involved in cellular repair and regeneration.

5. DNA Fragments: Some exosomes contain DNA fragments that may influence cellular functions, although this is an area of ongoing research.

6. Enzymes: Various enzymes, such as those involved in cellular metabolism and protection against oxidative stress, are commonly present in exosomes.

These specific components within JadiCell derived exosomes contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, particularly in promoting regeneration, reducing inflammation, and supporting immune modulation.

miR-21: Known for its anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects.

miR-21, commonly found in MSC-derived exosomes including JadiCell™derived exosomes, is one of the most well-studied microRNAs due to its potent anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects. Here’s a detailed overview of its role and potential therapeutic benefits:

Key Functions of miR-21

Anti-Apoptotic Effects:

  • miR-21 inhibits pro-apoptotic genes such as PTEN (phosphatase and tensinhomolog) and PDCD4 (programmed cell death protein 4).
  • By downregulating these genes, miR-21 prevents apoptosis (programmed cell death), enhancing cell survival in stressed or damaged tissues.
  • This is especially beneficial in ischemic conditions, organ injuries, or neurodegenerative diseases, where cell death exacerbates tissue damage.

Pro-Survival Pathways:

  • miR-21 enhances the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, a key pathway promoting cell survival, proliferation, and repair.
  • It helps cells adapt to oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating key survival mechanisms.
  • This makes it a critical factor in tissue regeneration, especially in heart, lung, and brain repair.

Anti-Inflammatory Role:

  • miR-21 suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines by targeting pro-inflammatory pathways, such as the NF-κB signaling pathway.
  • This makes it a valuable component in reducing chronic inflammation in diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Fibrosis Regulation:

  • miR-21 plays a dual role in fibrosis: while it can promote fibrosis under certain pathological conditions, in the controlled therapeutic setting of JadiCells, it may help balance fibrosis and repair. This is particularly useful in diseases like liver cirrhosis or pulmonary fibrosis.

Angiogenesis:

  • miR-21 indirectly supports angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) by regulating the VEGF pathway, ensuring proper blood supply to damaged tissues.
  • This is critical for wound healing and recovery in ischemic conditions.
  • Therapeutic Applications of miR-21 in JadiCell Exosomes

Cardiovascular Diseases:

  • miR-21 can protect cardiomyocytes (heart cells) from apoptosis in myocardial infarction (heart attack).
  • It promotes cardiac repair and reduces scar formation by enhancing angiogenesis and reducing cell death.

Neurological Disorders:

  • In stroke or traumatic brain injury, miR-21 reduces apoptosis in neurons and supports neural regeneration.
  • It modulates inflammation in the brain, reducing secondary injury.

Lung Diseases:

  • miR-21 in JadiCell exosomes may help manage COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by reducing inflammation and fibrosis, while promoting repair of lung tissues.

Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases:

  • miR-21 can modulate immune responses, making it useful in autoimmune diseases like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis by reducing inflammatory cytokine levels and promoting regulatory immune cells.

How miR-21 Enhances the Effectiveness of JadiCells

Exosome Delivery: Encapsulation in exosomes protects miR-21 from degradation in the bloodstream, ensuring it reaches target tissues effectively.

Targeted Action: Exosomes allow miR-21 to act specifically on injured or inflamed tissues, minimizing off-target effects.

Synergistic Effects: miR-21 works in conjunction with other growth factors, cytokines, and miRNAs in JadiCell™ exosomes to amplify their therapeutic potential.

Precautions in Therapeutic Use

While miR-21 has tremendous therapeutic potential, it must be carefully regulated in treatments to avoid adverse effects, such as excessive fibrosis or potential tumorigenesis. JadiCells natural regulation of miR-21 in exosomes likely ensures a balanced and safe therapeutic effect.

In summary, miR-21 is a cornerstone of JadiCell  derived exosome therapy, offering protection against cell death, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue repair. Its versatility makes it a key player in regenerative medicine, particularly in treating conditions involving apoptosis, inflammation, or chronic tissue injury.


miR-146a: Reduces inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling pathways.

miR-146a is another significant microRNA found in JadiCell™ derived exosomes, with powerful anti-inflammatory properties. Here’s a detailed overview of miR-146a and its role in therapeutic applications:

Key Functions of miR-146a

1. Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Pathways:

  • miR-146a targets and downregulates key mediators of inflammation, including TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1).
  • These molecules are critical components of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which is a central driver of pro-inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α).
  • By inhibiting these pathways, miR-146a reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby limiting inflammation.

2. Immune Homeostasis:

  • miR-146a plays a pivotal role in maintaining immune balance by preventing excessive immune activation.
  • It acts as a negative feedback regulator in innate immune responses, ensuring that inflammation does not spiral out of control.

3. Modulation of Macrophage Polarization:

  • miR-146a promotes the shift of macrophages from the M1 (pro-inflammatory) phenotype to the M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype.
  • This shift is crucial in resolving inflammation and promoting tissue repair, particularly in chronic inflammatory conditions.

4. Protective Role in Autoimmunity:

  • Dysregulation of miR-146a has been linked to autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis.
  • Its therapeutic delivery via JadiCell™ exosomes could restore balance and reduce autoimmune-related inflammation.

5. Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome:

  • miR-146a indirectly suppresses the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18.
  • This makes it particularly useful in conditions driven by inflammasome activation, such as neuroinflammation and metabolic disorders.

Therapeutic Applications of miR-146a in JadiCell Exosomes

1. Neuroinflammation:

  • miR-146a reduces inflammation in the brain, which is beneficial in treating conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injuries, and autism spectrum disorders.
  • It protects neurons from inflammation-induced damage, supporting cognitive function and repair.

2. Chronic Inflammatory Diseases:

  • Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis involve persistent inflammation that miR-146a can mitigate by targeting key inflammatory pathways.

3. Cardiovascular Diseases:

  • In cardiovascular conditions, miR-146a reduces inflammation associated with atherosclerosis and helps stabilize plaques by lowering inflammatory cytokine levels.
  • It also protects vascular endothelial cells from damage caused by chronic inflammation

4. Lung Diseases:

  • miR-146a has potential in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), where excessive inflammation plays a major role.

5. Metabolic Disorders:

  • In diseases like diabetes and obesity, miR-146a reduces inflammation in metabolic tissues, improving insulin sensitivity and reducing systemic inflammatory markers.

6. Autoimmune Diseases:

  • In lupus and multiple sclerosis, miR-146a can help regulate the overactive immune response, providing relief from chronic inflammation and autoimmune damage.

How miR-146a Enhances the Effectiveness of JadiCells

Exosome Delivery: Encapsulation of miR-146a in exosomes from JadiCells™ensures targeted delivery to inflamed or injured tissues, maximizing its anti-inflammatory effects while minimizing off-target activity.

Synergy with Other miRNAs: miR-146a works in conjunction with other miRNAs (like miR-21 and miR-126) in JadiCell™ exosomes, amplifying the overall therapeutic impact.

Immune Modulation: By reducing excessive immune activation, miR-146a helps JadiCells™ create a balanced microenvironment conducive to healing and regeneration.

Precautions in Therapeutic Use

While miR-146a is generally anti-inflammatory, excessive suppression of immune responses could lead to reduced immunity in certain situations, such as infections. Therefore, the balance of miR-146a expression must be carefully regulated in therapeutic applications.

In summary, miR-146a is a powerful anti-inflammatory microRNA found in JadiCell exosomes. It plays a key role in reducing inflammation, modulating immune responses, and promoting tissue repair, making it highly valuable in treating a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Its targeted delivery through JadiCell exosomes enhances its therapeutic potential while maintaining safety and efficacy.

miR-126: Enhances angiogenesis and promotes tissue repair.

miR-126, found in JadiCell™ derived exosomes, is a critical microRNA involved in enhancing angiogenesis and promoting tissue repair. Its role in vascular health and regeneration makes it a powerful tool in therapeutic applications. Here’s a detailed overview of miR-126:

Key Functions of miR-126

1. Enhances Angiogenesis (Blood Vessel Formation):

  • miR-126 targets and downregulates inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, such as SPRED1 and PIK3R2 (p85-β).
  • By promoting VEGF signaling, miR-126 stimulates the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, the building blocks of new blood vessels.
  • This angiogenic effect improves blood supply to damaged or ischemic tissues, aiding in tissue repair and regeneration.

2. Promotes Endothelial Cell Survival and Function:

  • miR-126 protects endothelial cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis by enhancing pro-survival pathways like the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
  • It maintains vascular integrity by supporting endothelial barrier function, reducing vascular leakage.

3. Facilitates Tissue Repair:

  • By improving blood supply through angiogenesis, miR-126 ensures that oxygen and nutrients reach damaged tissues, accelerating their repair.
  • miR-126 also modulates the inflammatory environment, creating conditions favorable for tissue regeneration.

4. Anti-Inflammatory Effects:

  • miR-126 indirectly reduces inflammation by improving endothelial health and preventing leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium.
  • It can suppress pro-inflammatory pathways, reducing chronic inflammation that hampers tissue repair.

5. Protective Effects Against Ischemia:

  • In ischemic conditions (e.g., heart attack, stroke), miR-126 plays a protective role by promoting angiogenesis and reducing endothelial cell damage, thereby limiting tissue injury.

Therapeutic Applications of miR-126 in JadiCell Exosomes

1. Cardiovascular Diseases:

  • miR-126 can help repair damaged heart tissue after a myocardial infarction (heart attack) by promoting angiogenesis and improving blood flow to ischemic areas.
  • It supports the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques, reducing the risk of plaque rupture and further cardiovascular events.

2. Neurological Disorders:

  • In stroke or traumatic brain injury, miR-126 enhances blood vessel repair, improving blood flow to affected brain regions and supporting neural regeneration.
  • Its ability to modulate inflammation in the brain further aids in recovery.

3. Wound Healing:

  • miR-126 accelerates the healing of chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, by enhancing angiogenesis and reducing local inflammation.

4. Lung Diseases:

  • In conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), miR-126 promotes vascular repair in the lungs, improving oxygen exchange and lung function.

5. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD):

  • miR-126 can improve blood flow in patients with PAD by promoting angiogenesis and collateral vessel formation, helping to alleviate ischemia in peripheral tissues.

6. Diabetes and Diabetic Complications:

  • miR-126 counteracts vascular complications of diabetes, such as endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis, improving overall vascular health.

How miR-126 Enhances the Effectiveness of JadiCells

1. Exosome Delivery:

  • JadiCell derived exosomes encapsulate miR-126, protecting it from degradation and ensuring efficient delivery to target tissues.
  • This delivery system allows miR-126 to reach inflamed or ischemic sites where it is most needed.

2. Synergistic Action:

  • miR-126 works in synergy with other growth factors (e.g., VEGF, HGF) and microRNAs (e.g., miR-21, miR-146a) found in JadiCell exosomes, amplifying the overall regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects.

3. Broad Therapeutic Potential:

  • By supporting vascular health, miR-126 complements the broader therapeutic applications of JadiCells, making them suitable for treating cardiovascular, neurological, and inflammatory diseases.

Precautions and Regulation

While miR-126 is largely beneficial, excessive angiogenesis could potentially contribute to pathological conditions, such as cancer. Therefore, its therapeutic use should be carefully regulated to ensure angiogenesis is confined to damaged tissues and does not promote unwanted vascular growth.

In summary, miR-126 is a key component of JadiCell derived exosomes, playing a pivotal role in enhancing angiogenesis and promoting tissue repair. By improving blood vessel formation, protecting endothelial cells, and modulating inflammation, miR-126 addresses critical aspects of tissue regeneration. Its targeted delivery via JadiCell exosomes ensures safety and efficacy, making it a valuable asset in regenerative medicine and the treatment of vascular and ischemic conditions.

miR-133: Plays a role in cardioprotection and regeneration.

Key Functions of miR-133

1. Cardioprotection:

  • miR-133 plays a critical role in protecting cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells) from stress-induced apoptosis (programmed cell death).
  • It achieves this by targeting pro-apoptotic genes like Caspase-9 and Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), reducing cell death during conditions like ischemia-reperfusion injury or heart attacks.
  • It also helps maintain calcium homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, ensuring proper contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle.

2. Regeneration of Cardiac Tissue:

 

  • miR-133 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells into mature cardiomyocytes.
  • By enhancing the regenerative capacity of the heart, it supports recovery following myocardial infarction (heart attack) or other cardiac injuries.

3. Inhibition of Fibrosis:

  • miR-133 suppresses the expression of fibrotic genes like connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and TGF-β1, which are involved in scar tissue formation.
  • This prevents excessive fibrosis, which can impair the heart’s pumping ability after injury.

4. Regulation of Hypertrophy:

  • miR-133 helps prevent cardiac hypertrophy (enlargement of the heart muscle), a common response to chronic stress or high blood pressure.
  • It achieves this by downregulating hypertrophy-related signaling pathways, such as those mediated by calcineurin/NFAT and GATA4.

5. Anti-Inflammatory Effects:

  • By modulating inflammatory pathways, miR-133 reduces chronic inflammation in cardiac tissues, which can otherwise exacerbate damage and hinder repair.

How miR-133 Enhances the Effectiveness of JadiCells

1. Exosome-Mediated Delivery:

  • Encapsulation of miR-133 in JadiCell exosomes protects it from degradation, ensuring its targeted delivery to the heart and other damaged tissues.
  • This delivery mechanism allows for localized effects, minimizing off-target activity.

2. Synergistic Action with Other miRNAs:

  • miR-133 works alongside other miRNAs in JadiCell exosomes, such as miR-21 (anti-apoptotic) and miR-126 (angiogenesis), creating a multifaceted approach to cardiac repair.

3. Regulation of Cardiac Microenvironment:

  • miR-133, in combination with growth factors and other bioactive molecules secreted by JadiCells, creates a favorable environment for cardiac regeneration and repair.

Precautions and Regulation

While miR-133 is beneficial for cardioprotection and regeneration, its overexpression could interfere with normal cellular processes. For instance, excessive suppression of fibrosis might impair wound healing in certain contexts. Therefore, controlled delivery via JadiCell exosomes ensures optimal therapeutic effects.

In summary, miR-133 is a powerful component of JadiCell derived exosomes, offering significant benefits in cardioprotection and cardiac regeneration. By preventing apoptosis, reducing fibrosis, inhibiting hypertrophy, and promoting tissue repair, miR-133 addresses critical aspects of cardiac health. Its encapsulation in JadiCell exosomes ensures effective and targeted delivery, making it a key player in regenerative medicine for cardiovascular diseases.

miR-137: Promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and plays a role in brain development.

miR-137 is a crucial microRNA found in JadiCell™ derived exosomes, with significant roles in promoting the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons and contributing to brain development. Its function makes it especially valuable in therapies targeting neurological disorders and brain injuries. Here’s a detailed overview of miR-137:

Key Functions of miR-137

1. Neuronal Differentiation:

  • miR-137 regulates the transition of neural stem cells into mature neurons by modulating gene expression related to neurogenesis.
  • It targets and downregulates inhibitors of neuronal differentiation, such as TLX (a transcriptional repressor) and Ezh2 (a histone methyltransferase), creating a pro-neurogenic environment.

2. Brain Development:

  • During development, miR-137 plays a critical role in balancing neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation, ensuring proper brain structure and function.
  • It helps fine-tune the production of neurons in regions like the hippocampus, which is essential for learning, memory, and emotional regulation.

3. Synaptic Plasticity:

  • miR-137 influences synaptic development and plasticity by regulating proteins involved in synapse formation and maintenance, such as PSD-95 and SynGAP.
  • This improves neuronal connectivity, a critical factor in cognitive function and brain repair.

4. Regulation of Inflammation in the Brain:

  • miR-137 has anti-inflammatory properties that help modulate neuroinflammation, often a secondary issue in brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.

5. Epigenetic Regulation:

  • miR-137 interacts with epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modification and chromatin remodeling, to influence the expression of genes critical for neural development and repair.

Therapeutic Applications of miR-137 in JadiCell Exosomes

1. Neurodevelopmental Disorders:

  • miR-137 could be beneficial in conditions like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities, where disrupted neural differentiation and synaptic function are common.
  • By promoting proper neuronal differentiation and synaptic development, it may help improve cognitive and behavioral outcomes.

2. Neurodegenerative Diseases:

  • In diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, miR-137 may support the generation of new neurons and repair damaged neural circuits, helping to mitigate cognitive decline and motor dysfunction.

3. Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):

  • After brain injury, miR-137 promotes the regeneration of neurons and synapses, improving functional recovery.
  • Its role in reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress further supports brain repair.

4. Mental Health Disorders:

  • miR-137 has been implicated in psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia, where it regulates pathways involved in synaptic plasticity and brain connectivity.
  • Its therapeutic delivery could help restore balance in these pathways, improving mental health outcomes.

5. Spinal Cord Injury:

  • miR-137 could promote neural repair and regeneration in spinal cord injuries by supporting neuronal differentiation and reducing inflammation at the injury site.

How miR-137 Enhances the Effectiveness of JadiCells

1. Exosome-Mediated Delivery:

  • Encapsulation of miR-137 in JadiCell exosomes ensures protection from degradation and efficient delivery to the brain or other neural tissues.
  • This targeted delivery allows miR-137 to directly influence neural repair and differentiation where it is needed most.

2. Synergy with Other miRNAs:

  • miR-137 works alongside other neuroprotective and regenerative miRNAs in JadiCell exosomes, such as miR-21 (anti-apoptotic) and miR-126 (angiogenesis), amplifying the overall therapeutic effect.

3. Broad Neurotherapeutic Potential:

  • By addressing multiple aspects of brain health—neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and inflammation—miR-137 complements the diverse therapeutic applications of JadiCells.

Precautions and Regulation

While miR-137 is beneficial for promoting neurogenesis, excessive or uncontrolled activity might disrupt the balance of neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, precise dosing and targeted delivery via exosomes ensure safe and effective therapeutic outcomes.

In summary, miR-137, as part of JadiCell derived exosomes, plays a pivotal role in promoting neuronal differentiation, supporting brain development, and enhancing synaptic plasticity. Its therapeutic potential is significant in treating neurodevelopmental disorders, brain injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases. Encapsulation in JadiCell exosomes ensures targeted delivery and optimal efficacy, making miR-137 a key player in regenerative medicine for neural health and recovery.